The Camera

1. Inside a completely dark room, a tiny hole is created in one wall. Through the hole light is focused, and the outside scene is projected (upside down) on the opposite wall. This is the "camera obscura" effect. The hole acts like a lens, focusing and projecting light onto the wall of the dark chamber. This was the first camera. 
2. Optics and lenses were invented in the 17th century, bringing man kind closer to making the first modern camera. 
3. The parts of the first modern camera invented by Niepce were a glass lens, a dark box, and film. 
4. Modern digital cameras still work the same way as Niepce's camera did. Light passes through the lens, into the camera, exposes the film and the end result is still a photograph.
5. However, nowadays, we don't use film. We use an electronic sensor called a CCD. 
6. Auto: the camera will completely control flash and exposure. On most cameras this is labelled "auto", on others simply "A". 
    Program: automatic-assist, just point and shoot. Unlike full auto mode, you can usually control flash and a few other camera settings.
7.Portrait: to attempt to blur out the background, camera will try to use the fastest available lens setting (aperture).
8.Sports: to freeze motion, camera will use the highest shutter speed possible.
9.  A half press is useful when you want faster camera response time, more control over focus, or better composition. 
10. This image means disabled flash. No flash. There are many cases where you may not want flash at all. The mood of the photograph can sometimes be more dramatic when the natural light is used.
11. This setting means Auto-Flash. In most camera modes, Auto-flash is enabled by default and will automatically fire if the camera thinks it needs more light.
12. If your picture has too much light, then it will be washed out.
13. If your picture doesn't have enough light then the picture will be too dark.
14. A "stop" is a term used in every aspect of photography to represent a relative change in the brightness of light.
15. The new planet will be 1 stop more than earth. 
16. This other planet will be 2 stops more than earth. 
17. Longer shutter speeds = more light
18. Shorter shutter speed= less light
19.  Aperture controls how much light enters the camera. 
20.You can increase the amount of light using the aperture by setting the "Aperture Opening", also known as an F-Stop.